In the contemporary era, India has been challenged by various external threats, such as border confrontations, especially with China and Pakistan. Along with the external threats, India is also challenged by a gamut of internal threats, such as unemployment, poverty, lack of technological know-how, and ethnic clashes. Analyzing such situations, the Government of India has always been keen on exploring panacea to address both traditional and nontraditional threats to the nation. Self-reliance has been one of India's major policies since the time of independence to secure the nation from various threats. Indo-Sino war has been an eye-opener for India, thus urging the nation to build a strong defense industrial base by enhancing indigenous defense production. In this context, making India self-reliant and self-sufficient, which have been the goals of previously initiated programs, could not achieve its desired goals, but how “Aatma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan” would augment and enhance the indigenization of defense manufacturing to address both traditional and nontraditional threats faced by India, is less explored. As a developing country that has perennial border skirmishes and geopolitical challenges, India has been heavily dependent upon foreign sources for military equipment and its supply. India's various efforts to acquire military competency through indigenization programs have been hindered by various factors, especially global hegemonic politics that heavily relied on technological supremacy.